Disabled Women and Violence: Access to Justice Eliona Gjecaj skrifar 5. desember 2023 09:00 Violence against disabled women is a major human rights concern. Of grave concern is the fact that disabled women are at a higher risk than other women of experiencing violence, that they experience violence for longer periods of time than non-disabled women, and that they experience a wider range of forms of violence. While a large body of research on violence against disabled women exists internationally, in Iceland the number has been growing and covering different aspects of such violence (Snæfríðar-Gunnarsdóttir et al. 2023; Gjecaj et al. 2023; Arnalds and Snæfríðar-Gunnarsdóttir 2013; Bergsveinsdóttir 2017; Haraldsdóttir 2017; Traustadóttir and Snæfríðar-Gunnarsdóttir 2014; Snæfríðar-Gunnarsdóttir and Traustadóttir 2015). To date, research focusing on access to justice for disabled women who have been subjected to violence remains surprisingly sparse. Drawing from my current research study, which is based in Iceland and aims to deepen understanding and expand knowledge of this topic, I provide below some findings and recommendations which can inform initiatives to enhance access to justice for disabled women: Lack of reporting violence: Most of the disabled women interviewed for this study did not report the violence they experienced. Main reasons were lack of accessibility to do so, they knew they were not seen as being credible, and because of fear of potential media emphatic portrayals of their disability as well as the dismissive and imposing shame reactions by the community overall. Raising awareness throughout the society and media outlets is necessary to educate and address the negative connotations attached to disability and disabled people. Positive actions must be taken by the government to ensure disabled women that their voice matters, will be heard and believed across the justice structures. Importance of Rights Protection Officers. Their role is crucial to protect the rights of disabled women when reporting and/or prosecuting violence. Their help in seeking supports and reasonable accommodations to meet the needs of the disabled woman is essential. In addition, they play a key role in informing other justice workers in how to facilitate and accommodate disabled women who report violence. The involvement of Rights Protection Officers is not obligatory but should be strengthened. Lack of clarity about the need to provide reasonable accommodations. While Rights Protection Officers can be called upon to identify and recommend individually- tailored adjustments, there is no clear obligation on justice staff to accept their recommendations and provide reasonable accommodations. It is recommended that that this problem is addressed and that the reasonable accommodation duty be included expressly and clearly explained in relevant investigation and prosecution guidelines. This would be in line with the requirements of the CRPD. Lack of disability-based-rights training for all those involved in administrating, leading, and executing the justice system. The current limited training given to police and judges is not sufficient nor adequate. Stronger measures in terms of training, reasonable accommodations, social understanding of disability, the intersection of disability and gender, and disability human rights, are needed to ensure disabled women’s access to justice. Only by ensuring appropriate training and awareness-raising can the human rights principles and values of the CRPD be firmly embedded across the Icelandic justice system. Access to justice should rest on systematic protections, not accident or happenstance. It is therefore timely for the government to redouble its efforts to ensure the provision of effective access to justice for disabled women seeking redress for violence against them. It could make important progress to this end by taking action on these recommendations. Höfundur er doktorsnemi í fötlunarfræðum við HÍ. Greinin er birt í tengslum við alþjóðlegt 16 daga átak gegn kynbundnu ofbeldi. Viltu birta grein á Vísi? Sendu okkur póst. Senda grein 16 daga átak gegn kynbundnu ofbeldi Kynferðisofbeldi Mest lesið 7 milljarða húsnæðisstuðningur afnuminn… en hvað kemur í staðinn? Vilhjálmur Hilmarsson Skoðun Alþjóðlegur dagur þroskaþjálfa – vettvangur á tímamótum Laufey Elísabet Gissurardóttir Skoðun Eru starfsmenn þingflokks Samfylkingarinnar viljandi að afvegaleiða umræðu um samsköttun? Gunnar Ármannsson Skoðun Mest lesnu orð á Íslandi Friðrik Björnsson Skoðun Ónýtir vegir – eina ferðina enn Sigþór Sigurðsson Skoðun Reykjavík er meðal dreifðustu höfuðborga Evrópu Guðni Freyr Öfjörð Skoðun Hafnarfjörður er bær sem styður við lífsgæði eldra fólks Valdimar Víðisson Skoðun Dýrin skilin eftir í náttúruvá Linda Karen Gunnarsdóttir Skoðun Mikilvægi lágþröskulda þjónustu fyrir geðheilbrigði ungs fólks Eva Rós Ólafsdóttir Skoðun Eiga foreldrar í háskólanámi raunverulega jafnan aðgang að námi? Hrund Steinsdóttir Skoðun Skoðun Skoðun Framtíð Íslands: Frá áli til gervigreindar – Tækifæri fimmtu iðnbyltingarinnar Sigvaldi Einarsson skrifar Skoðun Eiga foreldrar í háskólanámi raunverulega jafnan aðgang að námi? Hrund Steinsdóttir skrifar Skoðun Fjármál framhaldsskóla Róbert Ferdinandsson skrifar Skoðun Mikilvægi lágþröskulda þjónustu fyrir geðheilbrigði ungs fólks Eva Rós Ólafsdóttir skrifar Skoðun Varhugaverð sjónarmið eða raunsæ leið? Eggert Sigurbergsson skrifar Skoðun Dýrin skilin eftir í náttúruvá Linda Karen Gunnarsdóttir skrifar Skoðun Skapandi leiðir í skóla- og frístundastarfi Kolbrún Þ. Pálsdóttir skrifar Skoðun Eru starfsmenn þingflokks Samfylkingarinnar viljandi að afvegaleiða umræðu um samsköttun? Gunnar Ármannsson skrifar Skoðun Reykjavík er meðal dreifðustu höfuðborga Evrópu Guðni Freyr Öfjörð skrifar Skoðun Verum öll tengd Sólrún Kristjánsdóttir skrifar Skoðun Hafnarfjörður er bær sem styður við lífsgæði eldra fólks Valdimar Víðisson skrifar Skoðun Samræðulist í heimi gervigreindar Þórdís Hólm Filipsdóttir skrifar Skoðun Samræmt gæðanám eða einsleit kerfi? Bogi Ragnarsson skrifar Skoðun Ónýtir vegir – eina ferðina enn Sigþór Sigurðsson skrifar Skoðun 7 milljarða húsnæðisstuðningur afnuminn… en hvað kemur í staðinn? Vilhjálmur Hilmarsson skrifar Skoðun Alþjóðlegur dagur þroskaþjálfa – vettvangur á tímamótum Laufey Elísabet Gissurardóttir skrifar Skoðun Mest lesnu orð á Íslandi Friðrik Björnsson skrifar Skoðun Tími til kominn að styðja öll framúrskarandi ungmenni Karólína Helga Símonardóttir skrifar Skoðun Hvað með dansinn? Lilja Björk Haraldsdóttir skrifar Skoðun Mótórhjólasamtök á Íslandi – hvers vegna öll þessi læti? Helgi Gunnlaugsson skrifar Skoðun Viðhorf sem mótar veruleikann – inngilding á orði og á borði Sóldís Birta Reynisdóttir skrifar Skoðun „Mér sýnist Inga Sæland fá talsvert út úr þessu“ Sigurjón Arnórsson skrifar Skoðun Árangur hefst hér. Með þér. Guðrún Högnadóttir skrifar Skoðun Þegar lýðheilsa, lýðræði og loftslagið eru í húfi, ekki efla samstarf við Bandaríkin Davíð Aron Routley skrifar Skoðun Þjónusturof hefst í dag Hanna Birna Valdimarsdóttir skrifar Skoðun Verjum frelsið og mannréttindin Sigurjón Njarðarson skrifar Skoðun Spilavíti er og verður spilavíti Tryggvi Rúnar Brynjarsson skrifar Skoðun Skortur á metnaði í loftslagsmálum Svandís Svavarsdóttir,Guðmundur Ingi Guðbrandsson skrifar Skoðun Eru stjórnarandstæðingar viljandi að misskilja samsköttun? Þórhallur Valur Benónýsson skrifar Skoðun Orðræða mótar menningu – og menningin mótar okkur öll Jóhanna Bárðardóttir skrifar Sjá meira
Violence against disabled women is a major human rights concern. Of grave concern is the fact that disabled women are at a higher risk than other women of experiencing violence, that they experience violence for longer periods of time than non-disabled women, and that they experience a wider range of forms of violence. While a large body of research on violence against disabled women exists internationally, in Iceland the number has been growing and covering different aspects of such violence (Snæfríðar-Gunnarsdóttir et al. 2023; Gjecaj et al. 2023; Arnalds and Snæfríðar-Gunnarsdóttir 2013; Bergsveinsdóttir 2017; Haraldsdóttir 2017; Traustadóttir and Snæfríðar-Gunnarsdóttir 2014; Snæfríðar-Gunnarsdóttir and Traustadóttir 2015). To date, research focusing on access to justice for disabled women who have been subjected to violence remains surprisingly sparse. Drawing from my current research study, which is based in Iceland and aims to deepen understanding and expand knowledge of this topic, I provide below some findings and recommendations which can inform initiatives to enhance access to justice for disabled women: Lack of reporting violence: Most of the disabled women interviewed for this study did not report the violence they experienced. Main reasons were lack of accessibility to do so, they knew they were not seen as being credible, and because of fear of potential media emphatic portrayals of their disability as well as the dismissive and imposing shame reactions by the community overall. Raising awareness throughout the society and media outlets is necessary to educate and address the negative connotations attached to disability and disabled people. Positive actions must be taken by the government to ensure disabled women that their voice matters, will be heard and believed across the justice structures. Importance of Rights Protection Officers. Their role is crucial to protect the rights of disabled women when reporting and/or prosecuting violence. Their help in seeking supports and reasonable accommodations to meet the needs of the disabled woman is essential. In addition, they play a key role in informing other justice workers in how to facilitate and accommodate disabled women who report violence. The involvement of Rights Protection Officers is not obligatory but should be strengthened. Lack of clarity about the need to provide reasonable accommodations. While Rights Protection Officers can be called upon to identify and recommend individually- tailored adjustments, there is no clear obligation on justice staff to accept their recommendations and provide reasonable accommodations. It is recommended that that this problem is addressed and that the reasonable accommodation duty be included expressly and clearly explained in relevant investigation and prosecution guidelines. This would be in line with the requirements of the CRPD. Lack of disability-based-rights training for all those involved in administrating, leading, and executing the justice system. The current limited training given to police and judges is not sufficient nor adequate. Stronger measures in terms of training, reasonable accommodations, social understanding of disability, the intersection of disability and gender, and disability human rights, are needed to ensure disabled women’s access to justice. Only by ensuring appropriate training and awareness-raising can the human rights principles and values of the CRPD be firmly embedded across the Icelandic justice system. Access to justice should rest on systematic protections, not accident or happenstance. It is therefore timely for the government to redouble its efforts to ensure the provision of effective access to justice for disabled women seeking redress for violence against them. It could make important progress to this end by taking action on these recommendations. Höfundur er doktorsnemi í fötlunarfræðum við HÍ. Greinin er birt í tengslum við alþjóðlegt 16 daga átak gegn kynbundnu ofbeldi.
Eru starfsmenn þingflokks Samfylkingarinnar viljandi að afvegaleiða umræðu um samsköttun? Gunnar Ármannsson Skoðun
Skoðun Framtíð Íslands: Frá áli til gervigreindar – Tækifæri fimmtu iðnbyltingarinnar Sigvaldi Einarsson skrifar
Skoðun Eiga foreldrar í háskólanámi raunverulega jafnan aðgang að námi? Hrund Steinsdóttir skrifar
Skoðun Eru starfsmenn þingflokks Samfylkingarinnar viljandi að afvegaleiða umræðu um samsköttun? Gunnar Ármannsson skrifar
Skoðun 7 milljarða húsnæðisstuðningur afnuminn… en hvað kemur í staðinn? Vilhjálmur Hilmarsson skrifar
Skoðun Alþjóðlegur dagur þroskaþjálfa – vettvangur á tímamótum Laufey Elísabet Gissurardóttir skrifar
Skoðun Viðhorf sem mótar veruleikann – inngilding á orði og á borði Sóldís Birta Reynisdóttir skrifar
Skoðun Þegar lýðheilsa, lýðræði og loftslagið eru í húfi, ekki efla samstarf við Bandaríkin Davíð Aron Routley skrifar
Skoðun Eru stjórnarandstæðingar viljandi að misskilja samsköttun? Þórhallur Valur Benónýsson skrifar
Eru starfsmenn þingflokks Samfylkingarinnar viljandi að afvegaleiða umræðu um samsköttun? Gunnar Ármannsson Skoðun